What Is Story Protocol?
Story Protocol is a web3 project that is solving modern-day intellectual property (IP) issues by introducing a programmable IP layer and on-chain IPs.
Key Takeaways
Story Protocol offers a blockchain-based solution for IP management, automating processes, like licensing, via programmability.
Programmable IP allows creators to predefine rules and simplify use of their IP assets, making IP rights composable and extensible.
Each IP Asset is linked to an IP Account – a modified implementation of ERC-6551.
ERC-6551 enables token-bound accounts, transforming NFTs into dynamic smart accounts creating a programmable IP ecosystem.
Story Protocol's Programmable IP License (PIL) ensures that licenses are legally enforceable and flexible.
What photography achieved in 150 years, AI accomplished in just 1.5 years, producing the same number of images.
Image Source: Everypixel
Today, the internet and the tools on it have democratized access to content, allowing anyone to share their work globally. AI tools have made it possible for even the most inexperienced to produce Hollywood-quality content from their living rooms.
Despite this explosion of content creation, the creative economy is struggling. For example, Hollywood writers went on strike to protect creative work. Further, remixing of creative work — without proper compensation or attribution — has become the norm.
The problem with AI-based content remixing is too complicated for simple copyright laws. Copyright laws protect against “copied” materials. AI, however, produces new material. Therefore, we need to create entirely new infrastructure that protects IP — that is what Story Protocol is striving for.
“We believe that the internet really needs a new IP infrastructure that’s suited for the digital age.”
— Jason Zhao, Co-Founder, Story Protocol
Enter Story Protocol
Story Protocol is a web3 project focused on solving intellectual property (IP)-related issues through blockchain technology and programmability. It aims to make it easier for creators to manage and monetize their work, and for developers to build applications that use IP in new and innovative ways.
The project’s take is that the IP systems, as they exist today, rely on antiquated, paper-based processes that absolutely cannot keep up with the speed and scale of the digital world. Because of that, there is a rapidly increasing gap between creators’ control over their work and fair compensation for the same.
Hence, the team is working on creating foundational infrastructure that would not only protect intellectual property but also make it permissionlessly composable.
Story Protocol was founded by Seung Yoon Lee, Jason Zhao, and Jason Levy in 2022. It received a seed fund of $29.3M with a16z crypto as the lead investor in May of 2023. Following a successful Series A of $25 million in September 2023 by the same lead investor, the project recently raised $80 million in its Series B round in August 2024.
Despite being in its testnet phase, Story Protocol is buzzing with activity. The platform is witnessing an impressive ~5 million daily transactions from a vibrant community of nearly 19 million wallet addresses (at the time of writing), signaling strong early engagement.
Image Source: Story Scan
Core Components Of Story Protocol
Story Protocol has 2 core components:
Programmable IP
ERC-6551
Programmable IP
Similar to how blockchain introduced “programmable money”, a.k.a. cryptocurrency, Story Protocol introduces “programmable IP”.
According to the team, programmable IP is a new model of intellectual property (IP) management where the rights, licensing terms, and monetization rules associated with a creative asset are embedded into smart contracts on the blockchain. Unlike traditional IP, where ownership and usage rights are manually negotiated and enforced through legal agreements, programmable IP automates this process by allowing creators to predefine how their work can be used, remixed, licensed, and monetized in a decentralized, permissionless way.
By building a programmable IP layer, Story Protocol allows creators to register their creative assets on-chain, such as characters, videos, images, or other media, and set programmable rules for licensing, remixing, and revenue-sharing.
ERC-6551 (Token-Bound Accounts)
ERC-6551 is a standard for token-bound accounts that significantly enhances the functionality of non-fungible tokens (NFTs). This token standard plays a very important role in Story Protocol’s programmable IP infrastructure by transforming each creative asset (represented as an NFT) into a programmable, self-contained account.
In traditional NFTs, the tokens primarily represent ownership of a static digital asset, like a piece of art or a collectible. ERC-6551 does it differently. It introduces the concept of an account bound to the NFT, giving each NFT the ability to control its own assets, interact with smart contracts, and perform actions typically reserved for user wallets.
Think of it this way — ERC-6551 turns each NFT into a smart account that holds other tokens, interacts with dApps, and executes on-chain transactions.
How Story Protocol Works
Story Protocol is built to empower creators by enabling them to register their intellectual property (IP) on-chain, ensuring control over their work while streamlining licensing and monetization processes. The way Story Protocol is able to achieve this remarkable feat is via blockchain and token-bound accounts (ERC-6551) to impart an entirely new level of programmability and transparency to the creative economy.
The protocol is very elaborate. For simplicity, we can divide Story Protocol’s working mechanism into the following parts:
Registering IP and verifying ownership
Composability for collaboration and derivation
Automating licensing and agreements
Registering IP And Verifying Ownership
Registering creative assets — such as artwork, characters, videos, or even written content — on the blockchain is central to Story Protocol’s “reason for being”. Each registered asset is represented by a non-fungible token (NFT), which is more than just a digital placeholder for ownership.
This “IP Asset NFT” is linked to an “IP Account”, which is a modified implementation of the ERC-6551 standard, allowing the creator to define and manage the rights associated with the asset, such as licensing terms, remixing permissions, and royalty distribution.
Image Source: Story Foundation
These token-bound accounts act as self-contained, programmable wallets that control all interactions around the IP. Creators can set up rules governing how their IP can be used, what royalties are owed, and how licensing agreements are structured, all stored and executed on-chain.
Composability For Collaboration And Derivation
At first glance, Story Protocol’s pitch for IP protection may seem uncalled for because “NFTs already exist”. After all, aren't NFTs supposed to represent unique ownership of digital assets, including intellectual property?
While it's true that NFTs set a precedent for how we think about ownership, they are best suited for provenance tracking and attribution not programmability. As such, their capabilities are significantly limited when it comes to comprehensively protecting and managing complex IP rights. Especially in cases of collaboration and remixing.
Say you want to produce a children’s cartoon show featuring characters from VeeFriends and Bored Ape Yacht Club (BAYC), you’d have to reach out to the owners of the respective NFTs manually, involve lawyers, and go through heaps of paperwork. Therefore, while the IP of the NFT owners is protected (in a way), their true potential is still walled behind manual processes and lack of composability.
One of the key innovations of Story Protocol is its composability, which allows multiple IP assets to be combined to create derivative works.
When an IP asset is registered, it becomes a node in a global IP graph, with connections to other IPs representing legal and economic relationships. This structure allows for seamless collaboration without needing complex, manual legal negotiations. The rules governing these collaborations are encoded into the token-bound accounts, ensuring transparency and automatic attribution when a derivative work generates revenue.
Image Source: Research Gate
Going back to our previous example; the VeeFriends and BAYC NFT owners can deploy modules for licensing, royalties, and more. Each module is legally binding and is executed automatically without back and forth or paperwork.
Automating Licensing And Agreements
In traditional IP systems, licensing is often a long, cumbersome process that involves extensive legal work. With Story Protocol, licensing is automated. Creators can predefine the licensing terms for their work — such as upfront fees, royalty percentages, and usage restrictions — and these terms are embedded directly into the smart contracts governing the token-bound accounts via Story Modules.
Image Source: Story Foundation
When a third party wants to license an IP asset, they can simply interact with the smart contract that defines the licensing terms.
Once the license is issued, the creator automatically receives compensation, and the licensee can use the asset under the agreed-upon terms. This process removes friction from licensing, enabling faster and more scalable IP monetization.
Story Protocol’s Programmable IP License (PIL)
The Programmable IP License (PIL) in Story Protocol is a key innovation designed to bridge the gap between the on-chain and off-chain worlds, providing a seamless way to manage intellectual property (IP) rights in a legally enforceable and flexible manner. The PIL essentially serves as an on-chain legal framework that automates the licensing and monetization of creative assets registered on Story Protocol.
The PIL creates a direct link between the legal terms of a license and the on-chain smart contracts that govern how an IP asset can be used, monetized, and remixed.
Every IP registered on Story Protocol is represented on the blockchain and backed by a legally binding agreement. This agreement is mapped to the smart contract, ensuring that any transactions, licensing deals, or revenue-sharing mechanisms are both legally enforceable and automatically executed on-chain.
The PIL enables Story Protocol to function across different legal jurisdictions, as it conforms to global IP conventions like the Berne Convention, making it applicable in most major markets.
Image Source: Harvard
The PIL is highly flexible and customizable, allowing creators to set a wide range of terms. These include:
Upfront fees for licensing.
Royalty percentages for derivative works or remixes.
Usage restrictions (e.g., non-commercial use, geographical limitations).
The PIL operates like a drop-down menu of licensing terms that creators can choose from when registering their IP on Story Protocol. This ensures that the same IP can be licensed under different terms depending on the type of use or the licensee (e.g., different terms for large studios vs. independent creators).
Once an IP is registered and its terms are set, Story Protocol allows anyone to interact with the licensing smart contract. When a third party wants to use the IP, they can automatically generate a license by interacting with the PIL and paying the required fees.
This process eliminates the need for manual negotiations and the legal bureaucracy traditionally associated with IP licensing. All licensing, royalties, and permissions are handled automatically and enforced by the blockchain.
The PIL also introduces liquid licensing, where each license is represented as an NFT. These licenses can be traded on secondary markets, creating a fluid, liquid market for licensing agreements. This concept allows creators to monetize the licenses and not just their IPs, creating new revenue opportunities and a more dynamic IP ecosystem. It also means that creators can scale their licensing efforts effortlessly, reaching more markets without additional legal effort.
Conclusion
Similar to how Bitcoin introduced the concept of programmability in money, Story Protocol is championing “programmability in IP” and setting intellectual property free from the entrapments of legal documents.
Story Protocol's vision of a networked, composable, and permissionless IP ecosystem could very well become the backbone of the next wave of creative innovation. It turns intellectual property from a high-friction, lawyer-driven process into an accessible and automated system.
While challenges undoubtedly lie ahead, particularly in ensuring seamless access control and scalability, Story Protocol's open-source approach and commitment to community engagement suggest a bright future.
This article is only for informational and educational purposes and should not be taken as financial advice. Always do your own research before engaging with any protocol.
